This is a preliminary specification of the Common Gateway Protocol, or CGP. I invite any and all comments and suggestions. “I have spent some time writing up a formal specification for the Server-gateway interface. On 17 November 1993, McCool posted a message to the www-talk mailing list:
The NCSA HTTPd Home Page, April 1997 The Invention of CGI The idea was to create a common specification for the various web servers (others active in 1993 included Tim Berners-Lee’s CERN httpd and Tony Sanders’ Plexus server), so that a software program initiated via a web page could run on any server and send the result back to the web page. Rob McCool took the lead in writing the CGI specification, as a follow-on from his work creating NCSA HTTPd - one of the world’s first web servers and the direct ancestor of the open source Apache web server. In many ways then, it was CGI - not JavaScript - that was the start of web applications.ĬGI was invented in 1993 at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), where the pioneering Mosaic web browser also originated. So while a CGI script wasn’t a dynamic component in the browser, like JavaScript was, it did allow early web users in 19 to run interactive programs. After a CGI script was executed on a server, the result was sent back to the originating web page as HTML code. But whereas JavaScript performed interactive tasks inside the browser (that is, on the client-side), CGI scripts ran via an external program on a server (server-side). A couple of years before JavaScript was invented, a specification called the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) enabled an early form of interactivity for web pages.
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